А. Инсулин: первичная структура

Под первичной структурой понимают аминокислотную последовательность полипептидной цепи. Инсулин был первым белком, строение которого было установлено полностью ещё в начале 50-х годов. Молекула функционально активного инсулина состоит их двух полипептидных цепей (A- и B-цепи), соединённых дисульфидными мостиками (на схеме A-цепь окрашена в светло-коричневый цвет, В-цепь — в тёмно-коричневый, дисульфидные мостики — в жёлтый). Дополнительный дисульфидный мостик локализован в пределах A-цепи. В поджелудочной железе, где происходит биосинтез инсулина, вначале синтезируется белок-предшественник — проинсулин, в котором C-концевой аминокислотный остаток В-цепи связан с N-концевым остатком A-цепи 33-членным фрагментом (на схеме не окрашен). После образования в происулине правильно замкнутых дисульфидных мостиков C-пептид отщепляется протеолитическими ферментами (см. Сахарный диабет).


Биомолекулы. Пептиды и белки / Глобулярные белки

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