А. Электромеханическое сопряжение

Сокращением мышечного волокна управляют двигательные нейроны, которые выделяют нейромедиатор ацетилхолин в нервно-мышечные соединения (синапсы, см. Синапсы). Ацетилхолин диффундирует через синаптическую щель и взаимодействуют с ацетилхолиновыми (холинэргическими) рецепторами плазматической мембраны мышечных клеток. Это вызывает открывание трансмембранных ионных каналов и деполяризацию клеточной мембраны (образование потенциала действия). Потенциал действия быстро распространяется по всем направлениям от нервно-мышечного соединения (см. Потенциал покоя и потенциал действия, Медиаторы нервной системы), возбуждая все мышечные клетки. В течение нескольких миллисекунд реализуется рассмотренный выше цикл сокращения мышечного волокна.


Ткани и органы. Мышцы / Регуляция сокращения мышечных волокон

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