В. Кислотно-основные реакции

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В реакциях переноса протона всегда принимает участие пара сопряжённых кислот и оснований (см. Кислоты и основания). Степень диссоциации кислотно-основной пары зависит от концентрации Н+. Чаще всего приводится не собственно концентрация протонов, а её отрицательный логарифм, величина pH. Взаимосвязь между pH и константой диссоциации описывается уравнением Гендерсона-Хассельбалха. В качестве меры химического потенциала переноса протона кислотно-основной пары служит величина рКа — отрицательный логарифм константы диссоциации кислоты Ka. Чем сильнее кислота, тем меньше её рКа. Кислоты с небольшими рКа могут протонировать основания с высокими рКа (зелёная стрелка).


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