А. Концентрация ионов водорода в плазме крови

Концентрация ионов Н+ в плазме и в межклеточном пространстве составляет около 40 нМ. Это соответствует величине pH 7,40. pH внутренней среды организма должен поддерживаться постоянным, так как существенные изменения концентрации протонов не совместимы с жизнью.

Постоянство величины pH поддерживается буферными системами плазмы (схема В), которые могут компенсировать кратковременные нарушения кислотно-основного баланса (см. Кислоты и основания). Длительное рН-равновесие поддерживается с помощью продукции и удаления протонов. При нарушениях в буферных системах и при несоблюдении кислотно-основного баланса, например в результате заболевания почек или сбоев в периодичности дыхания из-за гипо- или гипервентиляции, величина pH плазмы выходит за допустимые пределы. Уменьшение величины pH 7,40 более, чем на 0,03 единицы, называется ацидозом, а повышение — алкалозом.


Ткани и органы. Кровь / Кислотно-основной баланс

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