Б. Каталитический цикл

Ход каталитической реакции с участием цитР450 в принципе известен. Решающая роль группы гема состоит в том, что она переводит атомарный кислород в реакционноспособную форму, которая собственно и ответственна за все описанные выше реакции. В исходной стадии атом железа трёхвалентен. Цитохром связывает субстрат рядом с группой гема (1). Это делает возможным восстановление трёхвалентного железа до двухвалентной формы и последующее присоединение молекулы O2 (2).

Далее следует перенос электронов (3) и окисление атома железа, который восстанавливает связанный кислород в пероксид. От промежуточного продукта отщепляется ион гидроксила (4) с образованием молекулы воды и реакционноспособной формы кислорода. В этом радикале железо формально четырёхвалентно. Активированный атом кислорода атакует связь С-Н субстрата с образованием гидроксигруппы (5). После освобождения продукта реакции (6) фермент возвращается в исходное состояние.


Ткани и органы. Печень / Система цитохрома Р450

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