А. Порин

Бактерии имеют одну, но достаточно сложно устроенную клеточную стенку. Плазматическая мембрана грамотрицательных бактерий защищена от внешней среды сетью пептидогликанов (муреин, см. Полисахариды) и дополнительной наружной мембраной. Метаболиты, которые бактериальной клетке необходимо абсорбировать или высвободить, должны иметь возможность без труда пересекать наружную мембрану. Для обеспечения процесса переноса у бактерий имеются трансмембранные каналообразующие белки, так называемые порины. Эти белки-тримеры образуют поры, заполненные водой и проницаемые для молекул с молекулярной массой до 600 Да (облегчённая или опосредованная диффузия). В высших организмах пориноподобные белки найдены в мембранах митохондрий и хлоропластов.

На рисунке справа показана структура тримера порина, находящегося в наружной мембране бактерии Rhodopseudomonas blastica.


Организация клетки. Биомембраны / Транспортные белки

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